Accessed April 2, 2018.ĭuring this period the irrigation canals became more developed, canals were narrower and deeper to minimize water loss through absorption and evaporation. Colonial Period “The Hohokam.” Digital image. Throughout the Pioneer Period, the Hohokam created a complex canal network that became the largest and most sophisticated irrigation system in the Americas. Water was directed to their fields of maize. The first irrigation canal was built during this time it consisted of a three mile channel in the Gila River. Throughout the Pioneer Period, the Hohokam lived in villages that were made up of widely dispersed structures that housed an individual family they were built out of wood, brush, and clay over a shallow pit. Future occupants in the area included the Pima and Tohono O’odham they are thought to be the direct descendants of the Hohokam. There was also a subsequent period of infrequent and meager rainfall that continued until 1450 this led to the abandonment of the remaining communities.
During the Great Drought between 12, many of the Hohokam communities were abandoned. Hohokam culture is typically separated into four developmental periods: Pioneer (200 – 774 CE), Colonial (774 – 975 CE), Sedentary (975 – 1150 CE), and Classic (from 1150 – approximately 1450 CE). Life for the Hohokam was centered on crop growing which required the organization and labor of thousands of people to build, maintain, and operate the canals. Hohokam culture includes North American Indians who lived in the region of central and southern Arizona along the Gila and Salt Rivers and at the base of the Superstition Mountain where rainfall streams provided the needed water source for agriculture.
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